Website Accessibility #2
W3C standards are CSS and HTML standards agreed on by the World Wide Web Consortium, the group responsible for defining major standards used in web design.
Following W3C standards ensure Consistent display of content across browsers and devices, better rankings in search engines, and better accessibility.
The first thing that should be done to follow web standards is to define the DOCTYPE within or before the html tag.
All tags within the html document should be closed. Leaving tags unclosed can cause errors in some situations such as screen readers.
Doctypes Available in the W3C Recommendations via w3c school
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">- This declares the document to be HTML 4.01 Strict. HTML 4.01 Strict is a trimmed down version of HTML 4.01 that emphasizes structure over presentation. Deprecated elements and attributes (including most presentational attributes), frames, and link targets are not allowed in HTML 4 Strict. By writing to HTML 4 Strict, authors can achieve accessible, structurally rich documents that easily adapt to style sheets and different browsing situations. However, HTML 4 Strict documents may look bland on very old browsers that lack support for style sheets.
Newer browsers such as Internet Explorer 5 for Mac, Netscape 6, and Mozilla use a standards-compliant rendering for HTML 4 Strict documents. These browsers use a “quirks” mode for most other document types to emulate rendering bugs in older browsers.
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">- This declares the document to be HTML 4.01 Transitional. HTML 4 Transitional includes all elements and attributes of HTML 4 Strict but adds presentational attributes, deprecated elements, and link targets.
Newer browsers such as Internet Explorer 5 for Mac, Netscape 6, and Mozilla use a standards-compliant rendering for HTML 4.01 Transitional documents that include the URI of the DTD in the DOCTYPE. These browsers use a “quirks” mode to emulate rendering bugs in older browsers if the URI is omitted:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Frameset//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/frameset.dtd">- This declares the document to be HTML 4.01 Frameset. HTML 4 Frameset is a variant of HTML 4 Transitional for documents that use frames.
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">- This declares the document to be XHTML 1.0 Strict. XHTML 1.0 Strict is an XML version of HTML 4 Strict.
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">- This declares the document to be XHTML 1.0 Transitional. XHTML 1.0 Transitional is an XML version of HTML 4 Transitional.
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Frameset//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-frameset.dtd">- This declares the document to be XHTML 1.0 Frameset. XHTML 1.0 Frameset is an XML version of HTML 4 Frameset.
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">- This declares the document to be HTML 3.2. HTML 3.2 is well supported by most browsers in use. However, HTML 3.2 has limited support for style sheets and no support for HTML 4 features such as frames and internationalization.
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML//EN">- This declares the document to be HTML 2.0. HTML 2.0 is widely supported by browsers but lacks support for tables, frames, and internationalization, as well as many commonly used presentational elements and attributes.
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